The Third Oriental Head

The print The Third Oriental Head is a compelling etching on laid paper, attributed variously to the renowned Dutch 17th Century masters, Rembrandt van Rijn, or his close contemporary, Jan Lievens. Created around 1635, this work exemplifies the intense interest in expressive and exotic character studies during the height of the Dutch Golden Age, spanning the period 1601 to 1650. The classification as a print speaks to the technical mastery required of the artist to utilize the etching process to achieve such rich tonal depth and texture.

The subject matter aligns with the popular genre known as the tronie, studies focused intensely on the face and head of a model, often outfitted in unusual or historical dress, rather than serving as traditional portraits. Here, the man is rendered with heavy shadow and dramatic contrasts, emphasizing his complex turban and perhaps a heavy fur or cloak, reflecting the era’s fascination with distant cultures and theatrical costuming, particularly in the bustling art centers of Leiden and Amsterdam.

Whether executed by Rembrandt or Lievens, the dramatic utilization of chiaroscuro demonstrates the strong influence of the Baroque style on their respective graphic work. The technique of etching allows for a freedom of line and spontaneity not always found in engraving, which both artists exploited to great effect in creating powerful psychological impressions. While scholarly debate continues regarding the definitive attribution, the intricate detailing of the costume and the deeply shadowed eyes suggest a rigorous exercise in psychological realism.

This significant example of Dutch printmaking resides in the permanent collection of the National Gallery of Art in Washington D.C. As a historical masterwork, reproductions of these important prints are frequently made available to the public domain for research and study, ensuring the continued appreciation of these complex character studies created by the Golden Age masters.