The Second Oriental Head

The Second Oriental Head is a compelling etching attributed to the influential Dutch 17th Century masters, Rembrandt van Rijn and Jan Lievens, created around 1635. This work exemplifies the dynamic period of collaboration and shared influence between the two artists during the flourishing years of the Dutch Golden Age (1601 to 1650).

The technical classification of this piece as an etching highlights the expressive potential of the print medium. Etching, a form of intaglio printmaking, allowed Lievens to achieve rich contrasts and fine textural details, particularly in rendering the sitter's elaborate headwear and dramatic facial expression. The subject falls within the category of tronie—a type of expressive character study or head that was extremely popular in Dutch art circles. Rather than being a conventional portrait, this image served as an exercise in capturing costume, character, and dramatic lighting. The exotic, or "Oriental," aspect of the costume references the Netherlands' extensive global trade networks, which brought foreign goods and cultural representations into the artistic forefront.

The composition utilizes strong chiaroscuro, a hallmark technique of the period, to isolate the figure against deep shadow, making the print highly dramatic. While the precise attribution remains complex, reflecting the collaborative environment of print production in Leiden and Amsterdam, the vigorous line work and psychological depth are consistent with the quality of both Rembrandt and Lievens during this time.

This powerful example of 17th-century Dutch prints is preserved in the permanent collection of the National Gallery of Art. Such historical works, which often reside in the public domain due to their age and historical significance, provide invaluable insight into the visual culture and technical mastery achieved by the great printmakers during the first half of the 17th century.